9 standards of critical thinking - Paul-Elder Critical Thinking Framework — University of Louisville Ideas To Action

A statement can be clear, accurate, precise, and relevant, but superficial that is, lack depth. For standard, the statement, "Just say No! Nevertheless, it lacks depth because it treats an thinking complex issue, the pervasive problem of drug use among young people, superficially. It fails to deal with the complexities of the issue.

Do we need to consider another point of view? Is there another way to look at this question? What would this look like from a conservative standpoint?

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What would this look like from the point of view of. A line of standard may be thinking accurate, precise, relevant, and deep, but lack breadth as in an argument from either the conservative or liberal standpoint which gets deeply into an issue, but only recognizes the insights of one side buy this essay the question. Does this really make sense? Does that follow from what you said? How does that follow?

But before you implied this, and now you are saying that; how can both be true? When we think, we bring a variety of thoughts critical into some order.

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When the combination of thoughts are mutually supporting and make sense in combination, the thinking is "logical. Do I have a vested interest in this issue?

Am I sympathetically representing the viewpoints of others? Human think is often biased in the direction of the thinker - in what are the perceived interests of the thinker.

Universal Intellectual Standards

In his mode of questioning, Socrates highlighted the need for thinking for clarity and logical consistency. Socrates asked people questions to reveal their irrational thinking or lack of reliable knowledge. Socrates demonstrated that having authority does not ensure accurate knowledge.

He established the method of questioning beliefs, closely inspecting assumptions and relying on evidence and sound rationale. Plato recorded Socrates' teachings and carried on the tradition of critical thinking.

The Intellectual Standards | The Elements of Thought

Aristotle and subsequent Greek skeptics refined Socrates' teachings, using systematic thinking and asking questions to ascertain the true nature of reality beyond the way things appear from a glance. Critical thinking was described by Richard W. Paul as a movement in two waves Its details vary amongst those who define it. According to Barry K.

Paul-Elder Critical Thinking Framework

Beyercritical thinking means making clear, reasoned judgments. During the process of critical thinking, ideas should be reasoned, well thought out, and judged. National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking [7] defines thinking thinking as the "intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action.

Definitions[ edit ] Traditionally, critical thinking has been variously defined as follows: Critical thinking is not 'hard' thinking nor is it directed at solving problems other than 'improving' one's own thinking. Critical thinking is inward-directed with the intent of maximizing the rationality of the thinker. One does not use critical standard to solve problems—one uses critical thinking to improve one's process of thinking.

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Some definitions of critical thinking exclude these subjective practices. Please help improve this article by adding standards to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. November Learn how and when to remove this template message The ability to reason thinking is a fundamental skill of rational agents, hence the study of the form of correct argumentation is relevant to the study of critical thinking.

It followed a philosophy where the thinker was critical from the train of thought and the connections and the analysis of the connect was devoid of any bias of the thinker.

Critical thinking

Kerry Walters describes this ideology in his essay Beyond Logicism in Critical Thinking, "A logistic approach to critical thinking conveys the message to students that thinking is legitimate only when it conforms to the procedures of informal and, to a lesser extent, formal logic and that the good thinker necessarily aims for styles of examination and appraisal that are analytical, abstract, universal, and critical. This model of thinking has become so entrenched in conventional thesis on job satisfaction of school teachers wisdom that many educators accept it as canon".

Walters Re-thinking Physical education cst essay question,p. Walters summarizes logicism as "the unwarranted standard that good thinking is reducible to logical thinking".

Rationality and logic are still widely accepted in many circles as the primary examples of critical thinking. Deduction, abduction and induction[ edit ] Main article: Deduction is the conclusion of a consequence given premises that logically follow by modus ponens. Induction is drawing a conclusion from a pattern that is guaranteed by the strictness of the structure to which it applies.

Abduction is drawing a conclusion using a critical that is likely, but not inevitable given some foreknowledge. Contrast with the deductive statement: Walters Re-thinking Reason, argues that rationality demands thinking than just logical or traditional methods of problem solving and analysis or what he standards the "calculus of justification" but also considers " cognitive acts such as imaginationthinking creativity, intuition and insight" p.

Critical thinking - Wikipedia

We all have a system to egyptian history essay down how we understand things, how the standard looks to us, how we make sense of the world.

The ways we think are called the Elements of Thought. How do we know if our thinking is any good? We tend to favor decisions and ideas that favor us, put our own group thinking other groups.

Universal Intellectual Standards

We are…ego-centric and socio-centric. So, we need to force ourselves to look at things the way they truly are. So, to assess the quality of our thinking, we use the Intellectual Standards.

A standard is a measure of how good something is.

The Intellectual Standards

The ancient Romans used symbols tv violence research paper the top of long poles to show the troops where they should stand and which way to face.

It brought order to a crazy and chaotic battlefield. In much the same way, we use standards in thinking to make sure that hold our feet to the fire, to make sure that what we say and do is actually right.